Vitamin B12 is a crucial nutrient essential for our overall wellbeing. It plays a key role in protecting DNA, supporting nerve and brain cells, and maintaining energy and immune systems. Additionally, Vitamin B12 stimulates serotonin production, which can enhance mood and promote a sense of well-being.
What Are the Four Types of Vitamin B12?
Though commonly referred to as “Vitamin B12,” this essential nutrient exists in four distinct chemical forms:
- Methylcobalamin
- Adenosylcobalamin
- Cyanocobalamin
- Hydroxocobalamin
Methylcobalamin
Methylcobalamin is the most bioavailable form of Vitamin B12, meaning it’s absorbed more efficiently by the body. Found naturally in animal-based foods such as meat, fish, milk, and eggs, Methylcobalamin is readily available through a typical diet. This form is highly active and predominantly utilized in the liver, brain, and nervous system, making it crucial for maintaining neurological health.
Adenosylcobalamin
Adenosylcobalamin is another naturally occurring co-enzyme form of Vitamin B12. It works synergistically with Methylcobalamin to ensure comprehensive Vitamin B12 coverage for the body. Adenosylcobalamin is essential for supporting mitochondrial function, which helps cells convert food into energy and boosts metabolism. It also plays a key role in the myelin sheath that protects nerve cells, facilitating quick responses to stimuli.
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Hydroxocobalamin
Hydroxocobalamin is produced naturally by bacteria in the digestive tract or can be synthesized in a laboratory from microorganisms. It is highly bioavailable and is primarily used in medical settings to treat serious Vitamin B12 deficiencies. This form is available only through prescription, typically administered via intramuscular injection or IV drip. Hydroxocobalamin is converted efficiently into the active forms Methylcobalamin and Adenosylcobalamin.
Cyanocobalamin
Cyanocobalamin is a synthetic form of Vitamin B12 that the body converts into the active forms of Methylcobalamin and Adenosylcobalamin. It contains a cyanide molecule that helps stabilize the vitamin in products. While cyanide is toxic in large amounts, the minuscule quantity present in Cyanocobalamin is harmless. This form of Vitamin B12 is not found naturally in food but is commonly used in supplements and fortified foods due to its cost-effectiveness and stability.
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Methylcobalamin vs. Cyanocobalamin
A common question is whether Methylcobalamin or Cyanocobalamin is superior. Methylcobalamin is generally considered more effective in terms of retention and longevity in the body, but Cyanocobalamin is also well-absorbed and effective once converted. For optimal results, it is often recommended to use Methylcobalamin in conjunction with Adenosylcobalamin.
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How to Treat Vitamin B12 Deficiency
Vitamin B12 deficiency can be treated through various methods. The NHS commonly uses Vitamin B12 injections for treatment. At IV Boost UK, we offer the following types of Vitamin B12 injections:
- Hydroxocobalamin
- Cyanocobalamin
- Methylcobalamin
- Adenosylcobalamin
If you suspect a Vitamin B12 deficiency, consult with your GP or a healthcare provider to determine the extent of your deficiency. For minor deficiencies, a high-quality Vitamin B12 supplement combined with dietary adjustments may suffice. More severe cases may require a prescription for oral supplements, IV drips, or intramuscular injections.
Important Note: Vitamin B12 injections are classified as Prescription Only Medicines and can only be administered by GMC-registered doctors. Always verify that your clinic is fully licensed to provide these treatments before proceeding.